Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Abnormal Uterine Bleeding?

Abnormal uterine bleeding is any bleeding from the uterus that is not part of a normal period. For many women, this can mean heavy menstrual bleeding, irregular periods, or spotting between cycles. Because it can affect women’s health at any age, it is important to understand what causes it. Sometimes, abnormal bleeding is a sign of a health problem that needs attention. According to the CDC, this issue is common and can impact daily life. If you notice changes in your period, you are not alone.

Common Symptoms

Abnormal uterine bleeding can look different for each person. However, some symptoms are more common than others. Knowing these signs can help you seek help sooner.

Bleeding between periods

Periods that last longer than seven days

Very heavy menstrual bleeding (soaking through pads or tampons quickly)

Irregular periods (unpredictable timing)

Bleeding after sex

Spotting after menopause

Sometimes, you may also feel tired or weak if you lose too much blood. If you notice any of these symptoms, it is wise to track them and talk to your doctor.

Causes and Risk Factors

There are many reasons why abnormal uterine bleeding can happen. Some causes are simple, while others may need medical care. Understanding the possible causes can help you know what to expect.

Hormone changes (such as during puberty or menopause)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Thyroid problems

Fibroids or polyps in the uterus

Infections of the uterus or cervix

Blood clotting disorders

Certain medications (like blood thinners)

Pregnancy-related issues (such as miscarriage)

Cancer of the uterus or cervix (rare but serious)

In addition, some women have a higher risk. For example, those with a family history of bleeding problems or certain health conditions may be more likely to experience abnormal bleeding.

How is Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Diagnosed?

Doctors use several steps to find the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding. First, they will ask about your medical history and symptoms. Next, they may do a physical exam. Often, doctors will suggest tests to get more information. These tests may include:

Blood tests (to check for anemia or hormone levels)

Pelvic ultrasound (to look at the uterus and ovaries)

Pap smear (to check for changes in the cervix)

Endometrial biopsy (to test the lining of the uterus)

Sometimes, more tests are needed. Your doctor will explain which tests are right for you. Early diagnosis can help prevent complications.

Treatment Options

Treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding depends on the cause. However, many options are available. Your doctor will help you choose the best plan for your needs.

Medications to balance hormones (such as birth control pills)

Iron supplements (if you have anemia)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain and bleeding

Procedures to remove fibroids or polyps

Endometrial ablation (removing the lining of the uterus)

Surgery (in rare or severe cases)

In many cases, simple treatments can help control symptoms. But sometimes, more advanced care is needed. Always follow your doctor’s advice for the best results.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

While not all cases can be prevented, some healthy habits may help. For example, keeping a regular schedule and managing stress can support your cycle. Here are some tips:

Track your periods on a calendar or app

Eat a balanced diet rich in iron and vitamins

Exercise regularly, but avoid overexertion

Manage stress with relaxation techniques

See your doctor for regular checkups

Additionally, avoid skipping prescribed medications. If you notice changes in your cycle, write them down and share them with your doctor.

When to See a Doctor

It is important to know when to seek medical help. If you have any of the following, contact your healthcare provider:

Very heavy bleeding (soaking through pads every hour)

Bleeding that lasts more than seven days

Bleeding after menopause

Severe pain or weakness

Signs of anemia (such as tiredness or shortness of breath)

Early care can help prevent serious problems. No matter where you live, access to care is important. In some areas, clinics or women’s health centers may offer extra support.

If you experience abnormal uterine bleeding, consult a healthcare specialist at Dr. Kanade Hospital & Laparoscopy Center for personalized advice. Early help can make a big difference in your health and well-being.